Metabolic Impacts of GLP-1 Agonists on Reproductive Health. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 45(3), 234-250
Does Glutamine Increase Glutathione
Dietary factors matter too
Abbreviations SFN: Sulforaphane Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 LC3-II: LC3-Phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate HFD: High-fat diet AMPK: Adenosine 5 -monophosphate -activated protein kinase mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin ULK1: UNC-51-like kinase 1 SREBP: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase PGC1: Peroxisome proliferator -activated receptor coactivator 1 HDAC: Histone deacetylase TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- IL-1: Interleukin-1beta Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ARE: Antioxidant response element ob/ob: Obese NO: Nitric oxide eNO: Endothelial nitric oxide HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ABCA1/G1: ATP binding cassette A1 and G1 AKT: Protein kinase B miR-34: MicroRNA-34 SIRT1: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen AGEs: Advanced glycation end products ICAM-1: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 RAGE: Receptor of advanced glycation endproducts VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama TC: Triglycerides LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol CRP: C-reactive protein LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol GSH: Glutathione SOD: Superoxide dismutase Nox: NADPH oxidases NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-B FXR: Farnesoid X receptor LXR: Liver X receptor alpha PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ERS: Endoplasmic reticulum stress FAS: Fatty acid synthases CHOP: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone NRF1: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 TFAM: Mitochondrial transcription factor A FGFR1: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21 NQO1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 IR: Insulin resistance GPx4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 STZ: Streptozotocin HOMA-: Homeostasis model assessment of -cell function PINK1: PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 HDAC2: Histone deacetylase 2 BMP-7: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase BAX: BCL2-associated X Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 Trx-1: Thioredoxin-1 References Wu S, Tan J, Zhang H, Hou D-X, He J (2022) Tissue-specific mechanisms of fat metabolism that focus on insulin actions
Elevated triglycerides can also pose risks to heart health
Low blood urea levels are often associated with malnutrition, but liver damage can also decrease urea synthesis, as urea synthesis occurs in the liver
